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Institutional change transcends organizational change to focus on entire classes of organizations serving different societal functions (business, government, education, etc.) and how they are being transformed in response to a rapidly changing world. Unlike the "management" focus of organizational change - process design, teamwork, leadership, etc

"Gendering Institutional Change" published on by Oxford University Press.

Motivation: Institutions are a set of rules of the game, norms and values that constitute a fundamental element of any social and political system. Political institutions are an important object of theoretical considerations and a number of attempts at explanations in political science. in their research, they put more emphasis on the effects of political institutions than on issues related to their genesis and the changes taking place. This article is in the trend of New Institutionalism which focuses on the causal role and the limited ability to design new tools, as well as a strong intention in this area. Aim: The aim of the article is to provide a synthetic overview of the causes and effects of continuity and changes in formal political institutions within the interdisciplinary area— new institutionalism. The research methods used during the preparation of the article include the analysis and criticism of the literature Results: The article focuses on presenting the role of institutions in political life, showing the dysfunctionality of the institutional sphere in the face of pressure from interest groups and the game of political actors. The explanation of these aspects was served by logical constructions and analyzes, primarily of a historical and sociological study, emphasizing the importance of determinants of informal institutions on the durability and institutional change.

Motivation: Institutions are a set of rules of the game, norms and values that constitute a fundamental element of any social and political system. Political institutions are an important object of theoretical considerations and a number of attempts at explanations in political science. in their research, they put more emphasis on the effects of political institutions than on issues related to their genesis and the changes taking place. This article is in the trend of New Institutionalism which focuses on the causal role and the limited ability to design new tools, as well as a strong intention in this area. Aim: The aim of the article is to provide a synthetic overview of the causes and effects of continuity and changes in formal political institutions within the interdisciplinary area— new institutionalism. The research methods used during the preparation of the article include the analysis and criticism of the literature Results: The article focuses on presenting the role of institutions in political life, showing the dysfunctionality of the institutional sphere in the face of pressure from interest groups and the game of political actors. The explanation of these aspects was served by logical constructions and analyzes, primarily of a historical and sociological study, emphasizing the importance of determinants of informal institutions on the durability and institutional change.

This is a new analysis of recent changes in important Japanese institutions. It addresses the origin, development, and recent adaptation of core institutions, including financial institutions, corporate governance, lifetime employment, and the amakudari system. After four decades of rapid economic growth in Japan, the 1990s saw the country enter a prolonged period of economic stagnation. Policy reforms were initially half-hearted, and businesses were slow to restructure as the global economy changed. The lagging economy has been impervious to aggressive fiscal stimulus measures and has been plagued by ongoing price deflation for years. Japan's struggle has called into question the ability of the country's economic institutions, originally designed to support factor accumulation and rapid development, to adapt to the new economic environment of the twenty-first century. This book discusses both historical and international comparisons including Meiji Japan, and recent economic and financial reforms in Korea, Scandinavia, Switzerland, and New Zealand, placing the current institutional changes in perspective. The contributors argue that, contrary to conventional wisdom that Japanese institutions have remained relatively rigid, there has been significant institutional change over the last decade.

This is a new analysis of recent changes in important Japanese institutions. It addresses the origin, development, and recent adaptation of core institutions, including financial institutions, corporate governance, lifetime employment, and the amakudari system. After four decades of rapid economic growth in Japan, the 1990s saw the country enter a prolonged period of economic stagnation. Policy reforms were initially half-hearted, and businesses were slow to restructure as the global economy changed. The lagging economy has been impervious to aggressive fiscal stimulus measures and has been plagued by ongoing price deflation for years. Japan's struggle has called into question the ability of the country's economic institutions, originally designed to support factor accumulation and rapid development, to adapt to the new economic environment of the twenty-first century. This book discusses both historical and international comparisons including Meiji Japan, and recent economic and financial reforms in Korea, Scandinavia, Switzerland, and New Zealand, placing the current institutional changes in perspective. The contributors argue that, contrary to conventional wisdom that Japanese institutions have remained relatively rigid, there has been significant institutional change over the last decade.

Institutional development has attracted more attention in the past two decades. However, institutional theory finds itself in a pre-consolidated phase and there are various theoretical and methodological challenges. One is to respond to the question whether institutional change is a spontaneous evolutionary or a deliberately designed process or a combination of the two. Another question concerns institutional co-innovation: i.e. the interaction between technological innovations, changes in institutional arrangements and changes in the institutional environment. A methodological challenge concerns the study of common institutional needs, which under different conditions can give rise to various concrete institutional forms. This paper researches how a common institutional need to develop institutional arrangements for rural collective action in order to enable small farmers to participate in newly created export chains in different contexts leads to different institutional arrangements and outcomes. By comparing two cases, the paper seeks to unravel which factors and actors play what roles and how these explain differences in the process of institutional development and in that way to arrive at a better understanding of local institutional change. After a general introduction, I present an overview of the diverse literature on institutional change. After that, bird's eye views will be presented of the two case studies. The first refers to the development of export agriculture around asparagus in the North of Peru and the second relates to the introduction of new apicultural technologies in the North West of Uganda. In the final section the main commonalities and differences in institutional development are examined and an attempt is made to respond to the main challenges formulated above.

In 2003, when we had begun working on the National Programme of Development (NPR) 2007-2013, I was wondering what could be done in order to prevent our political successors from wasting, aft er the parliamentary elections of 2005, what we would have achieved by that time. Th e main challenge to deal with was how to take advantage of EU membership and utilise EU structural instruments. It is rational, that a full cycle of development foreseen in such plan is carried out more for than a dozen years or so, that is, at least three to four government terms. I assumed that the most sensible solution would be to prepare a complete NPR and all the documents needed, but without passing them. Instead they were left for our successors for adjustments2. I had thought that if the proceedings were fully transparent and accompanied with broad national debate, involving representatives of the opposition, then our successors would respect the outcome of such a collaboration and further use it. I also assumed that they would only change the details like titles, covers, reorganize something, but apart from that they would accept the Programme simply because they would not be able to develop anything entirely new on time. I was wrong, as it turned out. Almost everything was forsaken just because it was developed by the former, 'not right' government. Even the slightest traces of NPR disappeared from the site of the Ministry of Regional Development.

This article examines the possibility of constructing an optimal mechanism for the distribution of subsidies in Russian agricultural sector using the theory of economic mechanisms. The effectiveness of direct state support of agricultural companies is assessed. An approach to optimize the mechanism of subsidies on the basis of the model of rankings allocation of financial resources is presented.

The recent global economic crisis has created new conditions and situations for the economic environment and therefore, in this context the rethinking of the institutional system is mandatory. The present paper seeks to propose an empirical model and aims at capturing the interdependencies between the institutional changes and the economic progress in the European emerging countries, in order to emphasize that institutions are the key elements in the process of economic growth. After briefly reviewing the most relevant literatures that have documented the variety of the institutional changes, the paper focuses on the amplitude of the phenomena of institutional changes from the European emerging countries. The research tries to establish a "stimulus – effect" relationship between the changing of the institutional environment and the rate of economic growth and human development. The conclusions for the methodological aspects illustrate that the level of social and economic development is a natural result of the quality of the institutional environment.